The Peneto Analyzer PNT-N is the instrument to evaluate the affinity between powder and liquid, i.e. ,wettability by measuring the speed and mass of the liquid penetrating into the powder bed. In the actual powder process, the dry powder is utilized in wet phase such as coating or molding for the final products. It is important to evaluate the wettability of the powder for the new material or quality control. PNT-N is possible to evaluate wettability of powders as well as sheet or block such as porous material, fiber, or paper. A series of the Peneto Analyzer “PNT”s have been delivered to various industries since 1986. Hosokawa has totally changed the model Peneto Analyzer to “PNT-N” to meet the various requirements from the industries.
The new developed cell (Colanta cell) can evaluate adsorb ratio, wettability, and absorb amount of OD(Oral disintegrant) tablet or film coating tablet.
("PENETO ANALYZER" is a registered trademark of HOSOKAWA MICRON CORPORATION in Japan)
Common measuring method of wettability of powder with liquid is to measure the contact angle by the micro scope. However, the preparation of the powder sample such as tableting and polishing method does not represent the powder property and the surface roughness greatly affect the result. On the other hand the Peneto Analyzer measures the penetration mass of liquid into the powder bed by capillarity action. The penetration speed into the powder bed is fast, if it has high affinity. Washburn’s equation shows the relationship between the penetrated height and contact angle with the assumption that the powder bed forms the uniform capillaries. The result of the term of penetrated height can be replaced to the penetrated mass as Equation 1. The Peneto Analyzer can indicate the contact angle by the following equation for measuring the mass of liquid penetration.
Washburn’s equation;
Eq.1
Where, WL: mass of liquid penetration, t: time, S: cross section area of the cell, ε: void ratio, ρL: Liquid density, γ: Radius of capillary formed in powder bed, γL: surface tension of liquid, ηL: Viscosity of liquid, θ: contact angle between liquid and solid surface.
The unit is consisted of weighing balance, measuring cell, liquid vessel, and lifting device. Measuring cell is hanged to electrically connected the electric balance. The vessel is set to contact powder bed and liquid. The Peneto Analyzer start lifting the cell and record the mass in real time.
Fig.1 Schematic figure
Fig.2 Cross section of cell
Fig.3 Powder
Pretreatment is only tapping the powder bed. Simple measurement to hand the cell on the balance. No need to conduct any molding or firing which is different from the common contact angle measuring method. PNT-N can measure the material in the forms of powder sheet or block.
Fig.4 shows the measurement examples for 3 samples (Sample A,B and C) to water. PNT-N indicates the difference the penetration speed (affinity to water) between these samples. The gradient of the linear section of the curve in Fig.5 equals to the coefficient of penetration speed in the left term of Washburn’s equation.
Fig.4 Reference-Penetrated weight
Fig.5 Reference-Obtaining the coefficient of penetration rate
Peneto Analyzer can measure the wettability of electrode of battery, especially Lithium Ion Battery (LIB), by applying the optional apparatuses.
(Figs.6~8)
Fig.6 Apparatus for electrode foil (for example, powder coated aluminum or coppper foil)
Fig.7 Cylindrical cell for insert the rolled foil
Fig.8 Measuring situation by applying the cylindrical cell for rolled electorode
It is suitable to evaluate various formulation parameters like as tabletting pressure, various properties (chemical formulations, particle size, morphology, etc.) of diluent or disintegrant for OD / pre-coating tablet.
Fig. 9 Colanta cell for measuring the pharmaceutical tablet
Reference of measuring of absorption of colored water into OD tablet Colanta cell (special designed for tablet measurement)
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